--what are the criteria for choosing between one or the other (Routing action or Service Call-out action or Publish action)?
Routing Action - Routing action can be created inside a Route Node only and Route Node is the last node in a request processing. A Route Node indicates that Request Processing will end here and Response Processing will begin. You can not have any node after Route Node in the message flow.
Service Callout - Service Callout is used in real time request-response scenarios (for sync response). If you have a use case where you need to call one or multiple real time request-response services (like sync web-services) then you may use Service Callout action in the message flow. Being a synchronus call, the thread gets blocked until a response is returned from target service.
Publish Action - Publish action is used for Request only scenarios where you don't expect a response back. The nature of Publish action (sync or async) will depend upon the target service you are invoking. If you are invoking an external service through a business service then Publish action with Quality of Service(QoS) as "Best Effort" (default) will work like fire and forget and thread won't get blocked (async call). If you are invoking a local proxy service (proxy with transport protocol as "local") from another proxy using publish action then it would be a blocking call (synchronus call) and thread will get blocked untill the processing of local proxy finishes
Service Callout - Service Callout is used in real time request-response scenarios (for sync response). If you have a use case where you need to call one or multiple real time request-response services (like sync web-services) then you may use Service Callout action in the message flow. Being a synchronus call, the thread gets blocked until a response is returned from target service.
Publish Action - Publish action is used for Request only scenarios where you don't expect a response back. The nature of Publish action (sync or async) will depend upon the target service you are invoking. If you are invoking an external service through a business service then Publish action with Quality of Service(QoS) as "Best Effort" (default) will work like fire and forget and thread won't get blocked (async call). If you are invoking a local proxy service (proxy with transport protocol as "local") from another proxy using publish action then it would be a blocking call (synchronus call) and thread will get blocked untill the processing of local proxy finishes
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